Assessment and management of bladder conditions including functional disorders, structural abnormalities and bladder cancer.
The bladder stores urine before it is passed from the body. A range of conditions may affect bladder function or the bladder lining.
These conditions can lead to urinary symptoms, infection or bleeding and may require investigation by a urological specialist.
Abnormal growths within the bladder that require specialist assessment. Some bladder tumours are cancerous and require treatment.
Mineral deposits that form within the bladder and may cause obstruction.
Blood in the urine that requires investigation.
Irritation or infection affecting the bladder lining.
Difficulty emptying the bladder due to narrowing or blockage of the urinary outlet.
Review of urinary symptoms, haematuria, infection history and risk factors.
Evaluation for signs of urinary retention or bladder-related symptoms.
Urine testing to detect infection, blood or abnormal cells.
Ultrasound or CT imaging may be used to assess the bladder and surrounding structures.
Endoscopic examination of the bladder using a small camera to identify abnormalities.
Management depends on the condition identified.
Appropriate for infection, inflammation or mild symptoms.
Used to diagnose and treat bladder abnormalities.
Recommended when more significant disease is present.
Treatment may be recommended when:
Management decisions are guided by clinical findings and investigation results.
General guidance may include:
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Blood in the urine can occur due to infection, stones, inflammation or bladder tumours.
Cystoscopy is usually performed with local or light sedation and is generally well tolerated.
Many bladder tumours are cancerous, but early detection allows effective treatment.
Bladder stones are usually removed using minimally invasive endoscopic techniques.
Persistent urinary symptoms or visible blood in the urine should always be investigated.
