Uro Oncology
(Cancer Management)

Specialist diagnosis and surgical management of prostate, kidney, bladder and testicular cancers.

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Understanding Urological Cancers

Urological cancers affect organs of the urinary tract and the reproductive system. Early diagnosis and accurate staging are essential to determine the most appropriate treatment pathway.

Management is tailored to the specific cancer type, stage of disease, patient health and long-term functional considerations. Treatment may involve surgery, surveillance, or coordination with oncology specialists where additional therapy is required.

Cancers Managed

Prostate cancer

Assessment and surgical management of cancer affecting the prostate gland.

Kidney cancer

Diagnosis and treatment of tumours arising within the kidney.

Bladder cancer

Evaluation and management of cancer involving the bladder lining.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma

Cancer affecting the lining of the kidneys or ureters.

Testicular cancer

Assessment and surgical treatment of tumours affecting the testicle.

Incidentally detected renal or prostate lesions

Evaluation of kidney or prostate abnormalities found during imaging.

Persistent or unexplained haematuria

Investigation of ongoing or unexplained blood in the urine.

How Diagnosis Is Made

Clinical History & Examination

Evaluation of urinary symptoms, medical history and risk factors to assess possible benign or malignant prostate conditions.

PSA & Blood Tests

PSA testing and blood analysis may help identify prostate enlargement, inflammation or possible prostate cancer. Note that PSA may be in the normal range and still be of clinical concern.

Imaging & Ultrasound

Ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess prostate size, bladder function and structural changes.

Prostate Biopsy

When PSA levels remain elevated or imaging findings raise concern, a prostate biopsy may be recommended to confirm or exclude prostate cancer.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on cancer type, stage and individual patient factors.

Prostate Cancer

Evaluation may include digital rectal examination, PSA testing, MRI and prostate biopsy where indicated.

  • Active surveillance
  • Robotic prostatectomy
  • Minimally invasive prostate surgery
  • Coordination with radiation oncology, where appropriate

Kidney Cancer

Assessment includes contrast-enhanced CT imaging, renal function testing and review of tumour characteristics.

  • Robotic partial nephrectomy
  • Robotic radical nephrectomy
  • Laparoscopic approaches for selected tumours

Robotic kidney surgery may allow tumour removal while preserving healthy kidney tissue when possible.

Bladder Cancer

Management depends on tumour grade, stage and recurrence risk.

  • Transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT)
  • Surveillance cystoscopy
  • Intravesical therapy coordinated with oncology
  • Referral for cystectomy when indicated

Structured follow-up is important due to the recurrence risk.

Testicular Cancer

Evaluation includes clinical examination, scrotal ultrasound and tumour marker testing.

  • Radical orchidectomy
  • Cross-sectional imaging for staging
  • Coordination with medical oncology for surveillance or chemotherapy 

When Is Specialist Treatment Recommended?

Further assessment may be required when:

  • Blood is detected in the urine (haematuria)
  • Imaging identifies a suspicious kidney or bladder lesion
  • PSA levels are elevated
  • A testicular lump or abnormality is detected
  • Persistent urinary symptoms require investigation

Early evaluation allows appropriate staging and treatment planning.

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Recovery & Ongoing Care

Management may include:

  • Post-operative monitoring
  • Imaging or blood tests to assess response to treatment
  • Ongoing surveillance to detect recurrence
  • Coordination with oncology specialists where required
  • Discussion at a Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) Meeting may occur

Need Specialist Advice?

Contact the practice to make an enquiry or arrange an appointment.

Frequently Asked Questions

Does every urological cancer require surgery?

No. Some cancers may be suitable for active surveillance or non-surgical treatment depending on stage, tumour characteristics and patient health.

Staging usually involves imaging such as CT or MRI, laboratory testing and biopsy results to determine how advanced the cancer is.

In some cases, treatment may involve coordination with radiation oncologists or medical oncologists to ensure comprehensive care.

Follow-up schedules vary depending on cancer type and stage, but regular monitoring is important to detect recurrence early.

You should seek medical review if you experience blood in the urine, persistent urinary symptoms, elevated PSA levels, or a new testicular lump.